منابع مشابه
Photomultiplier Tubes
Light which enters a photomultiplier tube is detected and produces an output signal through the following processes. (1) Light passes through the input window. (2) Light excites the electrons in the photocathode so that photoelectrons are emitted into the vacuum (external photoelectric effect). (3) Photoelectrons are accelerated and focused by the focusing electrode onto the first dynode where ...
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Power system stabilizers (PSSs) must be capable of providing appropriate stabilization signals over abroad range of operating conditions and disturbances. The main idea of this paper is changing aclassic PSS (CPSS) to an adaptive PSS using genetic algorithm. This new genetic algorithm based onadaptive PSS (GAPSS) improves power system damping, considerably. The controller design issue isformula...
متن کاملPhotomultiplier Tubes
including basic and performance. For example, section 4.1 shows spectral response characteristics of typical photocathodes and also gives the definition of photocathode sensitivity and its measurement procedure. Section 4.2 explains dynode types, structures and typical characteristics. Section 4.3 describes various performance characteristics such as time response, operating stability, sensitiv...
متن کاملA Near-Infrared Optical Tomography System Based on Photomultiplier Tube
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a rapidly growing discipline in recent years. It plays an important role in many fields, such as detecting breast cancer and monitoring the cerebra oxygenation. In this paper, a relatively simple, inexpensive, and conveniently used DOT system is presented in detail, in which only one photomultiplier tube is employed as the detector and an optical multiplexer ...
متن کاملThe Digital Silicon Photomultiplier
The Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are the new step in the development of the mod‐ ern detection structures in the area of low photon flux detection with a unique capa‐ bility of detection up to the single photons. The Silicon Photomultiplier intrinsically represents a digital signal source on the elementary cell level. The materials and tech‐ nology of SiPMs are consistent with the modern el...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research
سال: 1983
ISSN: 0167-5087
DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(83)90593-8